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    Month: May 2025

    Costs in the U.S.: A Comprehensive Guide

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    Planning for long-term care requires comprehensive research on the costs of senior living, including different levels of care, types of communities, and locations. This article provides a comprehensive guide on senior living costs, in their various forms, including independent living, assisted living, memory care, nursing homes, and home care. Regional variations, factors that affect costs, and financial assistance are also discussed to provide further insights into senior living expenses.

    Average Monthly Costs by Care Type

    National average monthly costs for senior living in 2025 are as follows:

    Type of Senior LivingMedian Monthly Cost (Nationwide)
    Independent LivingEstimated at around – $3,145 per month, with Maine as the most expensive at $6,162 per month and Mississippi as the least expensive at $1,282 per month. For a better understanding of independent living costs, you may also refer to Independent Living: Services, Costs, Benefits in 2025. 
    Assisted Living~$6,077 per month. Hawaii is the most expensive with an estimated cost of $11,650 per month, and South Dakota is the least expensive at $4,481 per month. (Assisted Living Costs in the United States)
    Memory CareAn average of $7,908 per month for a private room, with state costs ranging from $5,200 to $9,200 per month. (Memory Care: Services, Costs, and Benefits in 2025)
    Skilled Nursing Facility (Semi-private room)Estimated at around $9,197 per month. Texas is the least expensive with $5,125 per month, and Alaska is the most expensive at $31,512 per month. (Nursing Home Costs: A State-by-State Guide) 
    Skilled Nursing Facility (Private room)A national median of $10,326 per month. Alaska is the most expensive, with $36,378 per month, while Oklahoma and Louisiana are the least expensive, both at $6,083 per month. (Nursing Home Costs: A State-by-State Guide) 
    In-Home Care (Home Health Aide)Around $34 to $35 per hour, which ranges from $59,000 to $100,000 annually, based on the 44 hours per week per year standard. 

    The figures listed are based on trusted industry providers and Genworth Financial’s Cost of Care Survey 2025. Noticeably, among these senior living options, independent living is the least expensive, while a private room in a nursing home is the most expensive. 

    • Independent living
      • Independent living, also known as retirement communities, is a type of senior living option that provides housing, utilities, and a variety of amenities for older adults who are looking to live actively in retirement. With an estimated average cost of $3,125 per month, it is the most affordable senior living option. 
    • Assisted Living
      • Typically offers housing and assistance with daily living activities, including bathing, dressing, meals, and grooming. It costs around $6,077 per month, and depending on the community, this fee may be all-inclusive, while others may charge for additional care services. 
    • Memory Care
      • Specializes in care for cognitive conditions, like Alzheimer’s and dementia, providing a secure environment to ensure their safety. It costs around $7,908 per month, which is 28% higher than assisted living. 
    • Nursing Homes
      • Considered the most expensive option due to the variety of care options provided. It ranges from $9,197 to $10,326 per month for a semi-private or private room. 
    • In-Home Care
      • Care provided at home is usually calculated by the hour, which is $34 to $35 per hour. Hence, costs may increase depending on the number of hours needed, with 24/7 care usually amounting to more costs than those of nursing homes. The cost is also affected by the service provided, with personal care assistance of home health aides and skilled nursing care at home costing more than basic companionship or homemaker services.

    Regional Cost Variation

    Geographical location is one of the major factors that affect senior living costs. Places with high real estate costs, higher wages, and higher cost of living tend to have more expensive senior living options. Costs vary depending on the location, including by state, the cost of living in each state, and urban and rural areas. 

    • High-Cost vs Low-Cost States
      • Northeast and West Coast states typically cost more, while the South and Midwest are considered more affordable.
        • Maine is a state in the Northeast and usually has a higher cost of senior living, with assisted living costs at $8,288 per month, independent living at $6,162 per month, and nursing homes ranging from $12,000 to $12,000 per month. Senior living costs in this state are usually among the most expensive in each category. The high cost of senior living in this state is driven by its higher-than-average cost of living and a huge demand for services due to its high older adult population. 
        • Similarly, states like New York, New Jersey, and Hawaii tend to have more expensive senior living costs due to their higher cost of living.
        • On the other hand, Mississippi, which is a state in the South, is usually one of the least expensive in every type of care. Assisted living costs $4,578 per month, independent living costs around $1,282 per month, and nursing homes at $7,123 to $7,452 per month. With its lower cost of living, the expenses of senior living tend to be cheaper. 
    • Urban vs Rural Areas
      • Urban areas, like Manhattan, San Francisco, Miami, and Seattle, tend to have a higher cost of living and concentrated services, driving the increase in senior living costs. 
      • In comparison, rural areas like Avery County, NC, and Hardeman County, TX, have a relatively lower cost of living, which also lessens senior living costs. 
    • Intrastate Differences
      • Cities within states also have varying costs. For example, in New York, the state average of assisted living is $6,300; however, Manhattan has a higher than state average with an estimated $9,334 monthly. 
      • Locations with a pleasant climate and proximity to top hospitals and services tend to have higher prices due to higher demand. 

    Factors Influencing Pricing

    Aside from geographical location, there are also other factors that affect senior living costs, including:

    • Level of Care Needed
      • The more complex the level of care needed, the more expensive it is. As discussed, nursing homes are more expensive due to their wide range of care services. Independent living, in comparison, costs less because it usually does not require additional care. For in-home care, the more hours and the more complex the care is, the higher the costs. The increase in costs is influenced by the number of caregivers necessary and the hours of care they provide.
      • Most assisted living communities utilize tiered care levels of a la carte fees, which offer older adults additional rates depending on the care they need. 
    • Type of Accommodation
      • Costs differ depending on the size of the accommodation, whether private or shared. Essentially, a private room in any senior living community is more expensive than a shared room.
    • Amenities and Services
      • The level of luxury of a community affects its rates, like resort-style communities with a variety of amenities like restaurant-style dining, pools, spas, and concierge services. Most communities offer these services at additional costs and can be optional. 
      • In contrast, communities that provide basic housing and care without various amenities will cost less.
    • Pricing Structure
      • Different pricing models are utilized by different communities, with some offering all-inclusive rates, which typically include rent, basic care, and all amenities. While others offer tiered pricing, which means that older adults have to pay higher fees for higher levels of care, and a la carte pricing, which includes the base rent but has additional fees for services used. 
      • For other communities, while the base rate may be lower, additional services may hike the costs. Hence, research the community’s pricing models or reach out to them to ensure that you get the right services for the amount you pay.
    • Staffing and Staff Qualifications
      • Communities with higher caregiver-to-residents ratios or specially trained caregivers, like on-site licensed nurses, memory care specialists, and therapists, tend to charge more for labor costs. In contrast, communities with lower caregiver-to-resident ratios are expected to cost more due to higher labor costs. Additionally, places with higher wages will cost more. 
    • Regulations and Insurance
      • Senior living communities adhere to state regulations, hence, states that require higher staffing or caregivers may cost more. 

    The combination of all these factors affects the senior living experience and the costs. Essentially, older adults pay for housing, hospitality, and healthcare. Hence, communities with more amenities, higher levels of care, and more caregivers, and are located in urban areas, may come at a premium price. In planning for long-term care, ensure that you have an in-depth understanding of what is included and the possible additional charges. 

    Comparative Cost Analysis 

    Across Options

    Noticeably, independent living is significantly lower than nursing homes due to the wide gap in terms of care provided. 

    • Independent vs Assisted Living
      • Assisted living costs more than independent living because it provides personal care support and supervision, which independent living does not offer.  
    • Assisted Living vs Memory Care
      • Assisted living costs 28% less than memory care due to the specialized care and safety features provided. For instance, assisted living in California costs around $7,571 per month, while memory care costs $8,500 per month. The additional costs usually cover safety features like alarms and locked units, specialized care, and therapeutic activities. 
    • Assisted Living vs Skilled Nursing
      • Nursing homes cost 62% to 82% higher than assisted living, but provide higher levels of care for more complicated needs. The higher rates of nursing homes usually cover medical care, skilled nursing, and rehabilitation services. For example, assisted living in Mississippi costs around $4,578 per month, while nursing homes range from $7,123 to $7,452. 
    • Assisted Living vs Home Care
      • Comparing the costs of assisted living and home care depends on the level of care needed. For instance, older adults in California who only need part-time care, like 20 hours per week, will be able to save more, with $3,440 per month, compared to assisted living, which costs $7,571 per month. 
      • However, for those needing extensive care, like 44 hours per week, assisted living might be a better option since personal care at home may cost around $7,946 per month.
      • Older adults and families, especially those needing 24/7 care, should take into consideration the cost of homeownership, rental expenses, utilities, food, and other living expenses. Assisted living already covers these costs, hence, it might be a better option and can be more cost-effective. 

    Changes in Costs Over Time

    Over the years, the cost of long-term care has continuously increased due to a combination of factors like inflation, rising healthcare costs, and increasing demand. According to the 2023 Genworth Cost of Care Survey, assisted living and home care have been outpacing general inflation. 

    • From 2012 to 2023, assisted living has seen a 60% increase. Notably, from 2023 to 2024, assisted living has increased by 10%, from $5,350 to $5,900 per month. 
    • Nursing homes also gradually increased over the years, with an annual rate of $81,000 in 2014 to around $127,000 in 2024. The increase in nursing home costs is also consistently above general inflation. 
    • Homemaker services have also seen a 10% increase from 2023 to 2024. Home care has consistently seen a cost hike, mirroring the high demand for in-home caregivers that is not met by its shortage. 

    Considering the consistent increase in costs and comparison of options, independent living remains the most affordable, followed by assisted living, memory care, and nursing homes, which are the most expensive. As for in-home care, costs depend widely on the number of hours needed and the level of care. With inflation and other factors, senior living costs would continue to increase. Hence, families should plan for long-term care with at least a two to four percent allowance to avoid financial deficit. 

    Additional Costs to Consider

    Aside from base rent and care fee, communities may also offer one-time fees or additional charges for other services, including:

    • Move-In Fees / Community Fees
      • Covering administrative processes, apartment preparation, and community maintenance, most assisted living and memory care communities charge a one-time move-in or community fee, which usually ranges from a hundred to a few thousand dollars.
    • Security Deposits
      • In rent-based communities, usually independent living, a security deposit is often required. This deposit is refundable and can be returned to the owners when they move out, as long as there is no damage to the property and a proper notice is given. Assisted living communities, on the other hand, charge non-refundable community fees.
    • Level of Care Surcharges
      • If residents require a higher level of care, the community may charge additional monthly fees, depending on the services needed. These fees may begin after an assessment by the care team and will be reflected in the monthly bill. 
      • Some assisted living communities that offer memory care charge higher rates for memory care units or have an additional memory care fee for those in the standard residences. 
    • Second Occupant Fees
      • For couples or those choosing to live with roommates, some communities offer a second-person fee of $800 to $1200, which can cover additional food, facility use, and basic care for the second person. While the housing cost is shared, the second resident still partakes in meals, utilities, and services. This fee can lower the total cost.  
    • Healthcare and Medical Expenses
      • Monthly fees in assisted living and independent living do not include medical care, aside from first aid and wellness checks. Medicare or private insurance can cover the costs of on-site therapies in such communities.
      • For therapies or personal aides in assisted living, residents shoulder the costs, as it may be provided by an outside agency or aide.
      • In a nursing home, medical care is part of the service, but specialized medical equipment for complex wound dressing has additional fees, if not covered by insurance.
    • Entrance Fees (CCRCs)
      • Continuing Care Retirement Communities, which include all levels of care that allow older adults to age in place, usually require a one-time entrance fee, ranging from $50,000 to $1,000,000 to cover future care costs. However, the monthly rent can be lower. 
    • Optional Services and Amenities
      • Services such as telephone, cable, and internet, alongside laundry, salon services, private transportation, and guest meals for visiting loved ones, are also charged separately. For special trips and events, other communities may add charges. 
    • Miscellaneous
      • Miscellaneous fees include costs for hiring movers, first-month deposit, home modifications for safety features, and supplies, which are often paid out of pocket. 
      • Communities may also have an annual rate increase of 3 to 5% to cover increasing costs.

    For precise quotations, reach out to your desired community or ask for a breakdown of fees. Assisted living communities are also required to outline the included services and additional charges to avoid mishaps. 

    Financial Assistance and Payment Options

    There are several ways to pay for senior living expenses, including various government assistance, private insurance, and a combination of these:

    • Private Pay
      • These include savings, pensions, retirement accounts, Social Security income, and home sale proceeds. Usually, older adults use their finances to cover the gaps in financial assistance and services that cannot be covered. Cost calculators and precise quotes may help optimize resources and estimate their coverage. 
    • Long-Term Care Insurance
      • Depending on the plan, some policies cover assisted living, memory care, or board and care homes. Usually, after the waiting period, the policy will cover a specific amount per day or month up to a lifetime maximum. Only 3 to 4% of Americans aged 50 and above have long-term care insurance in 2023, but if a family member does have one, it is better to understand the coverage and file claims accordingly. Documentation and assessment of care needs, like personal care support, are often required before payout.
    • Medicaid
      • Medicaid is a joint federal-state program that covers long-term care for low-income beneficiaries. Nursing home costs are fully covered for those who qualify financially and medically. Additionally, home and community-based services (HCBS) or Medicaid waivers, depending on the state, can cover some services, though board and room for assisted living and memory care are rarely covered. 
      • Medicaid only provides full coverage for medical services, including nursing care. Hence, assisted living services have partial or no coverage, unless Medicaid waivers are applicable.
    • Medicare
      • Medicare is a federal health insurance program, specifically for those 65+, which covers short-term skilled nursing or rehabilitation after a hospital stay of up to 100 days. Medicare only covers medical services, such as doctor appointments, therapy, hospital care, and rehabilitation. Hospice care is also covered. 
      • However, assisted living, residential care, long-term care, or independent living are not covered by Medicare due to their lack of health care services.
    • Veterans Benefits
      • The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a maximum monthly benefit of $2,050 for single veterans, while surviving spouses receive $1,478 per month through VA Aid and Attendance, which may help partially cover the costs of senior living. According to CMS data, only 5% of assisted living residents depend on VA benefits and utilize funding from other sources, including private insurance. 
    • State and Community Programs
      • States have special programs for older adults that may help offset senior living expenses. Additionally, a Medicare or Medicaid joint program known as Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) can cover comprehensive care while allowing older adults to remain at home or in the community. Some non-profit organizations and local agencies on aging also offer grants.
    • Insurance Conversions and Other Funding
      • Life insurance conversion is the selling of a life insurance policy to cover long-term care. Others also utilize reverse mortgages, or the income from home equity, to pay for care services, and annuities for additional income to pay for care.
    • HUD Programs
      • The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development offers subsidized housing options for low-income older adults for affordable housing and some independent living communities. 
    • Tax Deductions
      • Medical expenses, like assistance with daily living activities, exceeding 7.5% of adjusted gross income, are deductible.

    Senior living expenses, especially assisted living and independent living, are generally paid out of pocket. Financial assistance like Medicaid, VA benefits, Medicare, and long-term care insurance may help offset costs, specifically for healthcare services and medical expenses. A combination of these funding options will be a significant help to ease financial burdens. To optimize financial resources, it is crucial to research possible financial assistance, possible long-term care insurance, and plan accordingly. It would also be beneficial to reach out to tax advisors to provide a better understanding of taxes and their benefits.

    Future Cost Trends and Projections

    Alongside the aging population and increasing demand for long-term care, costs are expected to rise continuously. 

    • Continued Upward Pressure
      • According to Genworth Financial’s Cost of Care Survey in 2023, various senior living options, including home care, nursing homes, assisted living, and independent living, consistently increase from 1% to 10% year over year. Additionally, the convergence of the aging population and general inflation further increases the demand for long-term care, increasing expenses. 
      • Shortages in caregivers and low wages are yet to be addressed, which further hikes the operational costs of senior living communities.
    • Demand vs Supply
      • In connection, the baby boomer generation is expected to turn 65+ by 2030, which will further increase the aging population. With the aging population, the problems in senior housing and care services should also be addressed to keep up with the increasing demand. If not, prices would further increase due to higher competition for available caregivers and rooms. 
      • On the contrary, occupancy data from 2024 shows a positive increase, which will allow communities to bounce back from the pandemic. 
    • Projected Costs in 5 to 10 Years
      • The average annual cost of a nursing home is projected to increase from $81,000 in 2014 to $146,000 by 2030, as per the American Council of Life Insurers (ACLI). For relatively cheaper nursing homes, this would result in almost double the current rates.
      • Assisted living, on the other hand, is expected to steadily increase, assuming a 3% increase per year, which would mean that a $6,077 monthly median will be around $8,000 per month. Notably, analysts stated that assisted living costs have rarely stabilized since 2004, and have consistently increased above general inflation. 
      • Independent living costs are projected to increase from around $3,100 to over $4,100 by 2040, amounting to an annual growth rate of about 1.5% to 2%. Since independent living is closely linked to senior housing, an increase in real estate and senior housing, especially in high-cost states, would further speed up the rate hike. 
      • Home care costs are most likely to be influenced by the healthcare labor market. The continuous shortage of caregivers due to low wages will further increase the wages of existing caregivers, resulting in higher hourly rates. Considering the 10% increase from 2023 to 2024, it’s possible that the average monthly cost for a full-time home health aide (40 hours per week) would reach $8,000 in the next 10 years. While technology such as care robots or remote monitoring may help reduce some needs, the demand for human caregivers and the genuine care they provide will remain strong.
    • Healthcare Cost Inflation
      • Since 2005, nursing home costs have had an estimated increase of 4.5% annually, which is almost double the general inflation of an estimated 2.5%. Inflation in the health sector generally affects long-term care, hence, if healthcare inflation continues to increase, senior living is expected to follow. Amendments in mandate, like higher caregiver ratios, will also hike rates due to increased operational costs.
    • Planning for the Future
      • Utilize cost calculators like Genworth’s Cost of Care calculator to see the projected increase in long-term care costs and plan accordingly. Older adults and family members are advised to provide an allowance of 2% to 5% to accommodate possible increases. 
    • Policy Changes
      • With the growing demand for long-term care, some states have started to discuss public long-term care insurance, which may help older adults and families financially. 

    In conclusion, senior living costs are expected to continue increasing over the next few years. Although the increase may not be as significant as it was due to the high inflation, a slight increase would still translate to higher costs in 5 to 10 years. Hence, older adults and families are advised to adjust their care budget yearly and remain up-to-date about industry trends. To offset senior living expenses, research long-term care insurance policies, explore government assistance programs, and apply early, if possible. Planning for long-term care will help older adults and families explore options to ensure their loved ones receive the right care for their needs while adhering to their financial capabilities. 

    Senior Living: Services, Costs, and Benefits

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    Senior living is a care option for older adults, 55+, providing a variety of housing with different levels of care. These options satisfy older adults’ needs and preferences, typically providing support for ADLs, social engagement, and maintaining their independence. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of senior living, its services, costs, and benefits of different communities. 

    What is Senior Living?

    Senior living includes a wide range of residential options, providing different levels of care and lifestyle preferences. Typically provides housing, support services, and health care for older adults who need support with daily activities and ease the burdens of homeownership, as per the National Institute on Aging. The primary types of senior living are the following:

    • Independent Living
      • Catering to active older adults who aim to maintain independence without the burdens of home ownership and maintenance. These communities promote social engagement and wellness and provide private apartments for older adults who require minimal to no assistance with daily activities. 
    • Assisted Living
      • Ideal for older adults who need support for activities of daily living, including bathing, grooming, and medication management. Communities promote a home-like environment while providing personal care, meals, and round-the-clock monitoring. 
    • Memory Care
      • Provides specialized care for older adults with cognitive impairments like Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Structured routines, secure spaces, and dementia dementia-trained team are provided to ensure comfort and safety. 
    • Board and Care Homes
      • Promotes a home-like setting and provides personal care and meals for at most 20 residents. Typically smaller and has a tight-knit community. 
    • Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs)
      • Allows older adults to age in place with the continuum of care services, ranging from independent living to assisted living and nursing care. 
    • Nursing Homes
      • Focuses on medical care, providing 24-hour skilled nursing services for older adults with chronic illnesses or for post-hospitalization recovery. 

    Services

    Different types of communities provide a variety of services, promoting a better quality of life to meet older adults’ needs. However, common services include the following, per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Survey of Residential Care Facilities (NSRCF).

    • Housing and Amenities
      • Private or shared apartments, cottages, often equipped with kitchens, accessible bathrooms, and emergency call systems. Most communities provide communal spaces, fitness centers, libraries, and outdoor spaces. 
    • Personal Care
      • ADL support, mobility assistance, and medication management, typically in assisted living, memory care, and care homes. 
    • Meals and Nutrition
      • Three meals daily, plus snacks, are often provided, catering to residents’ dietary needs. Independent living residents may have optional dining plans.
    • Medication Management
      • Reminds residents to take medications and helps administer them, common in assisted living and board and care homes.
    • Health and Wellness
      • Usually conducts wellness programs and fitness classes. In some cases, on-site medical staff and coordination with healthcare providers are also available. Nursing homes and some CCRCs focus on skilled nursing care.
    • Social and Recreational Activities
      • Scheduled activities and programs, including games, outings, arts and crafts, and educational programs, to promote social engagement and enhance cognition. 
    • Housekeeping and Maintenance
      • Regular cleaning, laundry, and home maintenance, encouraging residents to focus on enjoying their lifestyle.
    • Transportation
      • Scheduled transportation for medical appointments and errands. 
    • Security and Supervision
      • 24-hour supervision and monitoring, emergency response systems, and, in memory care, secure environments to prevent wandering.

    According to the NSRCF, 90% of residential care communities, including assisted living and board and care homes, provide ADL support, while 75% offer medication management, emphasizing personalized care. 

    Costs of Senior Living

    Several factors, including location, level of care, and amenities, influence the costs of senior living. Below is an overview of average costs, with reference to government data and trusted industry sources:

    • Independent Living: $1,500 to $4,000 per month. Costs are lower due to the level of care provided. 
    • Assisted Living: $4,500 to $7,000 per month. Additional fees are charged for medication management and extra ADLs. 
    • Memory Care: $6,000 to $9,000 per month. Costs include specialized care for cognitive conditions and purposely designed amenities. 
    • Board and Care Homes: $2,500 to $7,000 per month. Room type, level of care, and amenities affect the costs of care homes. 
    • CCRCs: $2,500 to $10,000 per month, plus entrance fees ranging from $100,000 to $1 million, for future levels of care. Costs vary based on the level of care and contract type, such as life care or fee-for-service. 
    • Nursing Homes: $8,000 to $12,000 per month. The most expensive option is due to the level of care provided, usually with licensed professionals like nurses and doctors. 

    Payment Options

    A combination of these options may be used to cover expenses:

    • Private Pay: Savings, pensions, retirement accounts, or home sale proceeds are the most common funding sources.
    • Long-Term Care Insurance: Depending on the plan, some policies cover assisted living, memory care, or board and care homes. 
    • Medicaid: Varying by state, Medicaid waivers can cover some services, though board and room are rarely covered. Medicaid fully covers nursing home care for eligible low-income older adults.
    • Medicare: Covers short-term skilled nursing or rehabilitation after a hospital stay of up to 100 days. 
    • Veterans Benefits: The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs provides Aid and Attendance benefits to help eligible veterans and spouses cover senior living expenses. 
    • HUD Programs: The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development offers subsidized housing options for low-income older adults for affordable housing and some independent living communities. 

    Benefits

    • Safety and Security: Emergency call systems, 24-hour staff, and accessibility features, including grab bars and wheelchair-accessible accommodations. Memory care units are usually secure and gated to prevent wandering. 
    • Social Engagement: Recreational activities are curated to promote social interactions and wellness, alongside cozy communal spaces. 
    • Personalized Care: Tailored assistance for ADLs and health needs to maintain older adults’ dignity. 
    • Maintenance-Free Lifestyle: Housekeeping, laundry, maintenance, and meal preparation allow older adults to relax and enjoy recreational activities. 
    • Access to Healthcare: Nursing homes and CCRCs provide nursing care, while most communities provide coordination with healthcare providers. 
    • Cost Predictability: Most communities offer all-inclusive rates, allowing clear budgeting, in contrast to maintaining a private home with separate care services.

    Considerations

    • Assess Needs: Evaluate physical, cognitive, and social needs to ensure the right level of care is provided. 
    • Visit Communities: Tour multiple facilities, including non-scheduled visits, observe staff-resident interactions, and verify services, costs, and policies.
    • Verify Licensing: Check state licensing and review inspection reports through local agencies.
    • Understand Costs: Clarify all fees, including additional charges for care services, and research for possible funding options to optimize resources. 
    • Seek Feedback: Talk to current residents and families about their experiences.

    Conclusion

    Senior living provides a wide range of care options for older adults, varying in the level of care, type of housing, and amenities provided. Costs are affected by location, level of care, and community type, and usually range from $1,500 to $12,000 per month. Government funding, like Medicaid, VA Benefits, and Medicare, may help cover senior living expenses, alongside private insurance and savings. Older adults enjoy plenty of benefits, including comfort, safety, convenience, personalized care, and social engagement. However, they have to take into consideration their needs, budgets, and preferences to ensure the right type of senior living is chosen. Research and touring will help families and older adults evaluate the available options and create a long-term care plan that best adheres to their needs and financial capabilities. 

    Board and Care Homes for Seniors: A Personalized Option for Long-Term Care

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    The demand for care options for older adults continues to increase, alongside the aging population of the U.S. Older adults aged 65 and above make up 16.8% of the country’s population, with over 55.9 million in 2020. Board and care homes are a long-term care solution that provides a home-like environment for older adults who need assistance with daily activities but not necessarily intensive medical care. This article provides a comprehensive overview of board and care homes, services, costs, and regulatory oversight, referencing reputable sources and government data. 

    What are Board and Care Homes?

    Known as residential care facilities, group homes, and personal care homes, board and care homes are small residential communities that accommodate up to 20 residents. These homes offer personalized care for older adults who need support with activities of daily living (ADLs), including bathing, grooming, and feeding, promoting a home-like environment in residential neighborhoods. In contrast to nursing homes, board and care homes do not provide skilled nursing services and mostly focus on comfort and socialization. 

    Board and care homes provide housing, meals, personal care, and round-the-clock assistance, as per the National Institute on Aging. Promoting a cozy and tight-knit community, board and care homes often feature private and shared rooms. This housing option is suitable for those who need assistance with ADLs but prefer a less institutional environment than nursing homes. 

    Services

    • 24-Hour Supervision – Teams monitor residents around the clock to ensure safety and quick emergency response. 
    • Personal Care – ADL support, including grooming, toileting, bathing, and feeding. 
    • Meals and Nutrition – Three meals a day tailored to residents’ dietary needs, alongside snacks. 
    • Medication Management – Reminds residents to take medications and helps in administering them. 
    • Housekeeping and Laundry – Regular cleaning, laundry, and linen services for a clean and comfortable living environment. 
    • Social and Recreational Activities – Promotes social interactions and wellness, however, it may not be as comprehensive as those of larger communities. 

    These services make board and care homes suitable for older adults with mild cognitive conditions like early-stage dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and physical limitations, without the necessity for skilled nursing care. 

    Cost and Payment Options

    The cost of board and care homes depends on the location, room type, level of luxury, and care provided. Average monthly costs range from $2,500 to $7,000, as per the government data and industry sources. For example, in California, the average cost is around $3,000 per month for a shared room, and $4,000 to $7,000 for a private room monthly, according to the California Department of Social Services. 

    Since board and care homes typically do not provide medical care, costs cannot be covered by Medicare. However, Medicaid waivers can cover some services, depending on state policies. A variety of funding options may be used to cover the expenses for board and care homes, per the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

    • Personal Funds, such as savings, pensions, and investment incomes. 
    • Long-Term Care Insurance – depending on the plan, some policies may cover board and care home costs. 
    • Medicaid – varying by state, Medicaid waivers may cover some services, but rarely room and board. 
    • Veterans Benefits – The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs provides programs like the Aid and Attendance, which provide funds that can help with monthly expenses. 

    Regulation and Oversight

    Board and care homes are regulated by the state, which provides varied licensing requirements. For instance, in California, the Department of Social Services’ Community Care Licensing (CCL) monitors residential care facilities for the elderly (RCFEs), which board and care homes are categorized in. Regulations are mandated to ensure board and care homes provide safe and appropriate care, and ensure licensed professionals are part of the care team if skilled nursing services are offered. 

    According to the CDC’s NSRCF, most board and care homes are registered, licensed, and certified by state agencies, ensuring safety and care standards. However, verifying a home’s licensing status is still recommended for families, and reach out to state agencies or utilize resources like the Wake County Adult Home Specialists, who oversee facilities and investigate complaints. 

    Benefits and Considerations

    • Low Staff-to-Resident Ratio: The team can provide more individualized attention, especially with fewer residents, typically six or fewer, which is ideal for older adults with dementia or high care needs.
    • Sense of Community: The cozy and tight-knit environment fosters social interactions and a home-like setting. 
    • Cost-Effectiveness: Board and care homes usually cost less than nursing homes, for half as much. 
    • Safety Features: Most homes feature alarms, gated entrances, and other safety measures, creating an ideal environment for residents who are at risk of wandering or have mobility issues.

    Since board and care homes are generally smaller, they may offer fewer amenities and activities than larger assisted living communities. Moreover, care homes do not offer medical care; hence, the lack of a medical care professional on-site, which is not suited for older adults with complex medical needs. Careful assessment of needs and preferences is recommended for older adults and families to ensure the right choice. 

    Choosing the Right Board and Care Home

    As recommended by the National Institute on Aging, older adults and families should follow these steps:

    1. Assess Needs – Evaluate the level of care required, including ADL support, medication management, and specialized care. 
    2. Visit Multiple Homes – Tour facilities at least twice, including a non-scheduled visit, to observe team-resident interactions, cleanliness, safety, and overall environment. 
    3. Verify Licensing and Compliance: Check for the home’s licensing status and review its inspection reports through state agencies.
    4. Talk to Residents and Families: Gather feedback from current residents and their families about the quality of care and services.
    5. Review Costs and Contracts: Understand all fees, services included, and payment options, including any potential funding options. 

    Conclusion

    Board and Care Homes are ideal for older adults who are looking to experience a personalized and home-like environment while receiving assistance for ADLs. Costs, regulations, and services vary by state, however, government resources and data from agencies like the CDC, VA may provide necessary information to understand care homes. Older adults and families can find the right board and care home according to their needs and preferences, with care evaluation and research available in their desired retirement destination. 

    Medicare Coverage for Home Health Care

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    Medicare is a government-funded insurance program for older adults 65+ and those with disabilities and life-limiting conditions. Home health care, on the other hand, allows older adults to receive care in the comforts of their homes. Medicare does not cover all types of services; however, Medicare Part A (Hospital Insurance) and Part B (Medical Insurance) can cover medically necessary home health care services for eligible beneficiaries. 

    Services Covered

    • Skilled Nursing Care (part-time or intermittent)
      • Includes wound care, injections, catheter management, or monitoring of medical conditions. 
      • Medicare.gov notes that care must be provided by a licensed nurse. 
    • Physical Therapy
      • Exercises to improve mobility, strength, and balance. Commonly utilized for post-surgery recovery. 
    • Occupational Therapy
      • Focuses on recovering functionality of activities of daily living (ADLs), including bathing, grooming, and cooking. 
    • Speech-Language Pathology Services
      • Aims to help with swallowing difficulties and communication issues, usually post-stroke recovery. 
    • Medical Social Services
      • Social workers help optimize resources, including counseling services and community resources. 
    • Home Health Aide Services (limited)
      • Supplementary ADL support for beneficiaries who receive skilled nursing and therapy services. CMS notes that aides cannot provide full-time caregiving. 

    Notably, Medicare can only cover services ordered by a physician or a doctor and provided by a Medicare-certified home health agency. The coverage is only up to 28 hours per week or 35 hours for up to 60 days per episode of care; hence, full-time care is not an option. However, Medicare fully covers these services without a deductible and copay. 

    Services Medicare Does NOT Cover

    • 24/7 or full-time in-home care. 
    • Non-medical services, including housekeeping and personal care without skilled nursing or therapy. 
    • Meal delivery 
    • Transportation, except for medical appointments, if necessary. 
    • Medical equipment, such as hospital beds or wheelchairs. However, these are covered by Medicare Part B, which provides a $240 deductible and a 20% copay. 
    • Medications are only covered by Medicare Part D, and not home health.

    Eligibility Requirements for Medicare Home Health Care

    Beneficiaries must meet ALL criteria to qualify for Medicare home health care.

    • Medicare Enrollment – Enrolled in Medicare Part A and/ or Part B. 
    • Doctor’s Order – Medicare only covers physician-ordered home health care, hence, the attending physician or a nurse practitioner must certify the need for home health care and provide a care plan every 60 days. 
    • Homebound Status
      • Leaving is limited only to medical appointments and brief errands, and requires assistance, like a walker, wheelchair, or a caregiver’s help. 
      • This criterion is strictly enforced, so if the older adult is able to leave home for non-medical reasons, they can lose eligibility. 
      • Homebound does not mean bedridden. 
    • Need for Skilled Services – Intermittent skilled nursing is required, as well as physical and speech therapy, and ongoing occupational therapy.
    • Medicare-Certified Agency – Care must be from a Medicare-certified home health agency. 

    Coverage of Medicare Home Health Care

    • Covered Services – Medicare pays full or 100% for approved skilled nursing, therapy, and limited aid services, without deductibles and copays. 
    • Non-Covered Services – Beneficiaries are responsible for:
      • Non-medical care, including homemaker services, costs $35 per hour in 2025, or full-time caregiving, which is around $21,823 to $24,006 per month. 
      • 20% of costs for medical equipment, like walkers and wheelchairs, after the Part B deductible of $240 in 2025. 
    • Private Pay – Older adults and families are expected to pay the following if eligibility is not met, like they are not homebound or no skilled nursing needed.
      • Skilled nursing – $40 to $60 per hour
      • Home health aide – $35 to $37 per hour

    Duration and Limitations

    • Duration
      • Coverage is intermittent every 60 days, as long as beneficiaries meet the criteria and show progress to recovery. Care plans are reviewed every 60 days, and it can be recertified by a doctor, if necessary, according to CMS. 
    • Limitations
      • Does not cover full-time care, typically up to 28 hours per week. 
      • Long-term custodial care, including ADL support without skilled nursing, is not covered. 
      • If skilled services end, such that therapy goals are met, aide services also stop. 
    • Appeals
      • According to CMS, beneficiaries can appeal through Medicare’s Quality Improvement Organization if coverage is denied. 

    Funding Alternatives with Other Care Options

    • Medicaid
      • Covers home health aide services and other non-medical services for eligible older adults with assets less than $2,000 and income less than $2,523 in 2025, through Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) waivers. 
    • Veterans Benefits
      • Eligible veterans receive up to $2,300 per month, while surviving spouses receive up to $1,478 per month through the Aid and Attendance program. 
    • Long-Term Care Insurance
      • Depending on the policy, long-term care insurance may cover non-medical and custodial care. 
    • Personal Savings
      • Social Security with a 2025 COLA of 2.5%, and a home sale. 
    • Area Agencies on Aging
      • According to the U.S. Administration on Aging, some agencies offer subsidized home care programs. 

    Comparison with Other Care Options

    If care needs increase, other options include:

    • Assisted Living – Not covered by Medicare, with an average cost of $5,676 per month. 
    • Nursing Homes – Cost range from $9,197 to $10,326 per month. Medicare can cover up to 100 days after hospitalization; full coverage for the first 20 days and a $240 per day copay for days 21 to 100. 
    • Memory Care – No Medicare coverage and costs around $7,908 per month. 

    Practical Considerations

    • Finding a Provider: CMS suggests using Medicare.gov’s Home Health Compare tool to locate certified agencies and checking star ratings and services.
    • Care Plan: Specify skilled services and homebound status in the doctor’s order for eligibility. 
    • Monitoring: Since coverage is limited, it is better to track services received.
    • Supplementing Care: Family caregivers or private aides can fill gaps for non-covered ADL support.
    • Appealing Denials: Reach out to Medicare via the Medicare hotline (1-800-MEDICARE) or a local State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) for help.

    Conclusion

    Medicare Part A and B can cover necessary doctor-ordered home health services for older adults who are homebound and in need of intermittent skilled nursing or therapy. Beneficiaries must receive care from Medicare-certified agencies to ensure coverage. Other funding options include Medicaid waivers, Veterans Benefits, and private insurance. To ensure a smooth transition, it is better to apply early and prepare the requirements.

    Assisted Living vs Independent Living: Key Differences

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    Assisted living and independent living cater to different needs and preferences, although both retirement options provide housing, amenities, and a social environment for older adults. Understanding the key differences between assisted living and independent living in terms of the level of care, services provided, costs, resident profile, and environment can be beneficial for long-term care planning. This article explores the key differences, referencing data from the Genworth Cost of Care Survey 2025 and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 

    Level of Care

    • Independent Living
      • Caters to older adults who can manage activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs, without any support, and aims to live actively. Independent living does not provide any forms of medical and personal care, and only focuses on comfort and convenience. 
    • Assisted Living
      • Provides assistance to ADLs and instrumental ADLs due to physical limitations and mild cognitive conditions. The National Center for Assisted Living (NCAL) notes that assisted living communities often provide 24/7 support and medication management. 

    Services 

    • Independent Living
      • Housing – Variety of housing types, including private apartments, cottages, or homes, in variations of studio, one-, and two-bedroom floor plans. 
      • Maintenance-Free Lifestyle – Housekeeping, landscaping, and repairs are often taken care of. 
      • Dining – Depending on the community, on-site restaurants might be available or communal dining with meal plans. 
      • Amenities – Plenty of amenities, depending on the luxury of the community, usually include fitness centers, pools, libraries, activity rooms, and walking trails. 
      • Activities – Exercise programs, hobby clubs, outings, and social events. 
      • Transportation – Usually for medical appointments and errands. 
      • Safety – Most independent living communities provide emergency response systems and a security team. 
    • Assisted Living
      • Personal Care – ADL support includes assistance with bathing, dressing, mobility, and grooming. 
      • Medical Support – Coordination with attending physicians and healthcare practitioners, medication management, and health monitoring. 
      • Dining – Accommodate special diets and serve three meals daily. 
      • Housekeeping and laundry are provided regularly. 
      • Activities – Recreational programs and social events, highlighting older adults’ interests and strengths. 
      • Safety – Round-the-clock team, fall prevention, and emergency call systems. 
      • Specialized Care – NCAL notes that some assisted living communities provide dedicated memory care units. 

    Cost

    • Independent Living 
      • Average cost – $3,145 per month, amounting to $37,740 per year. 
      • Range – Costs vary by state and level of luxury, ranging from $1,500 to $10,000 per month. 
      • Additional Fees – Independent living in CCRCs requires entrance fees of $50,000 to $1,000,000 for future care. Pet fees charge up to $25 to $100 per month, and second-person fees at $800 per month. 
      • Funding Options – Independent living is not covered by Medicare and Medicaid. However, VA’s Aid and Attendance program may provide financial help of up to $2,300 per month. Long-term care insurance and personal savings can cover independent living expenses. 
    • Assisted Living 
      • Average Cost – $5,676 per month or $68,112 per year, which is 80% higher than independent living due to the significant difference in care provided. 
      • Range: $3,500 to $10,000 per month, varying by state. 
      • Additional Fees – Community fees are around $1,000 to $5,000 per month, care level fees for extra ADL help cost around $500 to $2,000 per month, and memory care fees may amount to $7,908 monthly. 
      • Funding Options – Just like independent living, Medicare does not cover assisted living costs. However, Medicaid, through Medicaid waivers, may cover some assisted living expenses without room and board. VA’s Aid and Attendance program provides up to $2,300 per month for eligible veterans, while long-term care insurance and personal savings can cover assisted living expenses. 

    Resident Profile

    • Independent Living 
      • Cater to older adults, 55 to 75+, who aim to maintain independence and live actively without worries about maintenance. Suitable for those planning to downsize in retirement and ease homeownership burdens. 
    • Assisted Living 
      • Ideal for older adults, 75 to 85+, with physical limitations and mild cognitive conditions, who need assistance with ADLs. NCAL notes that residents may have chronic conditions, but do not necessarily need intensive medical care. 

    Environment and Lifestyle 

    • Independent Living 
      • A variety of housing options, including apartment-style amenities, cottages, and resort-style communities with 20 to 200 residents. Typically focuses on promoting socialization and an active lifestyle while respecting older adults’ autonomy. 
    • Assisted Living
      • Promotes a home-like environment and accommodates 20 to 100 residents, with private or semi-private apartments. Communal dining and accessibility features are also provided for socialization and safety. NCAL notes that residents tend to have less autonomy. 

    Staffing and Training 

    • Independent Living 
      • Team includes maintenance, dining, and activity coordinators.  According to the U.S. Administration on Aging, independent living does not require caregivers or nurses. 
    • Assisted Living
      • Caregivers provide round-the-clock ADL support and are required to have undergone 8 to 16 hours of training, varying by state regulations. NCAL also notes that assisted living may have nurses or therapists to handle medication management and health monitoring. 

    Transition and Scalability 

    • Independent Living
      • Independent living in CCRCs provides an easier transition to higher levels of care. However, for standalone communities, residents are required to be independent, and home health care may be hired if needs arise. 
    • Assisted Living
      • Accommodates progressing needs through add-on services, like extra ADL help and memory care. Transition to nursing homes with costs ranging from $9,197 to $10,326 might be necessary for intensive medical care. 

    Additional Considerations

    • Regulation
      • Independent Living – The U.S. Administration on Aging notes that independent living communities are often categorized under senior housing, which follows state-specific licensing. 
      • Assisted Living – According to NCAL, assisted living communities follow stricter standards for care, staffing, and safety. 
    • Social Environment
      • Independent Living – Conducts plenty of activities, ideal for outgoing older adults who are looking to live actively. 
      • Assisted Living – Activities are tailored to residents’ physical and cognitive limitations and promote a supportive environment. 
    • Pet Policies
      • Both options have pet-friendly communities, with additional fees ranging from $25 to $100 per month and a $500 to $2,000 one-time deposit. However, assisted living may have stricter regulations. 

    Cost Comparison with Other Care Options

    • Memory Care – Focuses on older adults with cognitive conditions and costs around $7,908 per month, which is 40% higher than assisted living. 
    • Nursing Homes – Have higher rates due to the level of care provided and range from $9,197 to $10,326 per month for semi-private and private rooms. 
    • 24/7 In-Home Care – Three to four times more expensive than assisted living, ranging from $21,823 to $24,006 per month, and allows aging in place.

    Choosing Between Assisted Living and Independent Living 

    • Choose Independent Living If:
      • You can manage all ADLs without any assistance. 
      • You want to enjoy a maintenance-free lifestyle in resort-like amenities. 
    • Choose Assisted Living If:
      • You need support with ADLs or medication management. 
      • You have physical and mild cognitive limitations that require round-the-clock support due to safety concerns. 
      • You need a higher level of care than independent living, as suggested by NCAL. 
    • Assessment 
      • Reach out to a care advisor or your attending physician to assess the level of care needed. 
    • CCRCs
      • Ideal for long-term planning and allows quick transition to higher levels of care, since it offers different levels of care. 

    Conclusion

    Independent living is ideal for older adults with full autonomy looking to live a maintenance-free lifestyle and ease the burdens of homeownership, while assisted living caters to older adults who need ADL support and safety monitoring. The base cost of independent living is typically lower than assisted living at $3,145 per month and $5,676 per month for the latter. To choose between independent living and assisted living, it is suggested to evaluate your needs and preferences carefully. For those looking for flexibility and an easier transition to higher levels of care, CCRCs, which provide both options, might be ideal. 

    The 7 Stages of Dementia: Understanding the Progression

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    Dementia is a cognitive condition that affects memory, thinking, behavior, and daily functioning. It is a progressive condition that includes Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and more. Additionally, the Alzheimer’s Association notes that Alzheimer’s disease affects over 7.2 million Americans 65+, making it the most common form of dementia. Based on the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) by Dr. Barry Reisberg, the seven-stage model aims to discuss the progression of dementia. With supplementary data from trusted sources like the Alzheimer’s Association, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Cleveland Clinic, and Medical News Today, this article aims to provide comprehensive information about the care needs of each stage. 

    The 7 Stages

    The seven stages are grouped into three general phases: pre-dementia from stages one to three, mild to moderate dementia for stages four to five, and severe dementia, as the final stage from stages six to seven. According to Healthline, the type of dementia and health factors affect the progression of dementia, taking 4 to 20 years from diagnosis to the final stage. 

    Stage 1: No Cognitive Decline

    There are no noticeable symptoms or cognitive impairment. The memory and judgment remain intact, and the individual can still function normally. 

    • Symptoms
      • No behavioral changes or memory lapses. 
      •  ADLs like bathing, dressing, and eating are performed independently. 
      • The Alzheimer’s Association notes that individuals perform normally on cognitive tests. 
    • Duration
      • This is a baseline state that is indefinite, as noted by Medical News Today. 
    • Care Needs
      • Routine health monitoring would suffice. 
      • NIA suggests practicing brain-healthy habits. 
    • Prevalence
      • Applies to healthy older adults without dementia pathology, however, undetected brain changes like amyloid plaques may occur, as noted by the Cleveland Clinic. 

    Stage 2: Very Mild Cognitive Decline

    Age-related, minor memory lapses that do not heavily affect daily life. Usually likened to normal aging or stress, however, still not diagnosed as dementia. 

    • Symptoms
      • Misplacing items and forgetting names. 
      • Minor difficulty with complicated tasks like planning events. 
      • Healthlines notes that this stage does not affect work and social life. 
    • Duration
      • It may take years, but it may also not progress to dementia without underlying pathology, as noted by NIA. 
    • Care Needs
      • No formal care needed yet; however, monitoring is highly suggested to observe symptoms. 
      • Medical News Today recommends undergoing cognitive assessments like the Mini-Mental State Exam if necessary. 
      • Practice mental stimulation and social engagement, and make it a lifestyle. 
    • Prevalence
      • 10 to 15% of older adults 65+ may develop mild cognitive impairment, according to the Cleveland Clinic. 

    Stage 3 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

    A noticeable decline in cognition beyond normal aging, usually a precursor to dementia. According to NIA, about 30 to 50% of MCI cases progress to dementia within five years. 

    • Symptoms
      • Frequent memory lapses, like forgetting appointments and recent events. 
      • Difficulty concentrating and finding words. 
      • Challenges with planning, organizing, or managing finances. 
      • Healthline also notes a higher level of anxiety and frustration. 
      • Complex daily tasks become more difficult to perform. 
    • Duration
      • Depending on the progression to dementia, it may take two to seven years. 
    • Care Needs
      • Medical Evaluation to identify the causes of memory lapses, it might be Alzheimer’s or a vitamin deficiency. 
      • Assistance with complex tasks like paying the bills and medication reminders. 
      • Family education to prepare for possible progression. 
      • The Alzheimer’s Association suggests lifestyle changes or cognitive therapies to slow decline. 
    • Prevalence
      • According to the Cleveland Clinic, MCI affects 15 to 20% of older adults 65+.

    Stage 4: Mild Dementia

    Moderate cognitive decline that affects daily life. According to NIA, Alzheimer’s and other dementias are often confirmed in this stage. 

    • Symptoms
      • Significant memory loss, including forgetting personal history and recent events. 
      • Difficulty with familiar tasks like cooking, planning, and problem-solving.  
      • Apathy, mood swings, and social withdrawal. 
      • Impaired judgment. 
      • Needs help with some instrumental ADLs like shopping and driving. 
    • Duration
      • According to Medical News Today, this stage may take one to three years before progressing. 
    • Care Needs
      • Formal diagnosis and treatment, including cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s. 
      • Assisted living support for ADLs and complex tasks. 
      • Home modifications and other safety measures. 
    • Prevalence
      • Known as early dementia. Notably, 1 in 9 older adults 65+ have Alzheimer’s, per Alzheimer’s Association. 

    Stage 5: Moderate Dementia

    According to NIA, individuals may have less autonomy due to significant cognitive decline. Basic ADLs can still be performed. 

    • Symptoms
      • Significant memory gaps, including forgetting current address and names of loved ones. 
      • Confusion about time, place, and events. 
      • Difficulty managing hygiene without cues. 
      • Tendency to wander. 
      • Increase in agitation and paranoia, causing personality changes. 
    • Duration
      • 1 to 5 years. 
    • Care Needs
      • Memory care in an assisted living facility might be necessary; memory care costs around $7,908 per month. 
      • Create structured routines and participate in cognitive activities to reduce agitation. 
      • Implement safety features at home, like alarms. 
    • Prevalence
      • Requires formal care and is most common in those diagnosed with dementia. 

    Stage 6: Moderately Severe Dementia

    Severe cognitive decline, assistance with most ADLs is required. Personality and behavior changes often occur in this stage, per NIA. 

    • Symptoms
      • Loss of awareness of surroundings and recent experiences. 
      • Inability to recognize loved ones. 
      • Requires help with basic ADLs, like eating and bathing. 
      • Increased behavioral issues, including aggression and delusions. 
      • The Alzheimer’s Association notes that older adults in this stage have a high rish of wandering and may experience sleep disturbances. 
    • Duration
      • 1 to 3 years
    • Care Needs
      • In need of round-the-clock supervision, a memory care community, which costs $7,908 to $12,000 per month or a nursing home ($9,197 to $10,326 per month), is highly recommended. 
      • Behavioral management from a dementia-trained team. 
      • Palliative care discussions for comfort. 
      • Support groups for families to cope with emotional challenges. 
    • Prevalence
      • Requires institutional care for most. 

    Stage 7: Severe Dementia

    Final stage of progression with significant cognitive and physical decline. 

    • Symptoms
      • Loss of verbal communication, limited to grunts and moans. 
      • Inability to walk, sit, or swallow without assistance. 
      • Higher risk for infections, like pneumonia, which is the most common cause of death in dementia. 
      • Lack of autonomy and complete reliance on caregivers for all ADLs. 
      • Lack of awareness of surroundings. 
    • Duration
      • Several months to 2 years. 
    • Care Needs
      • Hospice or palliative care at home or in a memory care community and nursing homes, focusing on comfort. 
      • Nursing home costs around $9,197 to $10,326 per month, while home health care costs $5,625 per month for part-time care, based on Genworth Financial 2025. 
      • Pain management, infection prevention, and feeding assistance. 
      • Emotional support to help families facing end-of-life decisions. 
    • Prevalence
      • End-stage dementia often leads to death within 1 to 2 years. 

    Key Considerations Across Stages

    • Progression Variability – The stages are not linear; some may skip stages, especially those with non-Alzheimer’s dementia, as noted by NIA. 
    • Diagnosis Timing – Healthline notes that stages four to five are common diagnosis points as symptoms become more prominent. 
    • Behavioral Challenges – Changes in behavior are most common in stages five to six, especially agitation, wandering, and sundowning. 
    • Family Impact – According to the Alzheimer’s Association, 59% of caregivers are reported to have high stress by stage 5. 

    Care and Support Strategies

    • Early Stages (1 to 3)
      • Regular cognitive assessments to detect MCI. 
      • Implement changes in lifestyle, including 30 minutes of exercise a day, social activities, and cognition-related activities. 
      • Plan legal and financial matters. 
      • Requires minimal in-home support or independent living, which costs $3,145 per month. 
    • Middle Stages (4 to 5)
      • Memory care or in-home care ($37 per hour) for safety.
      • Assisted living communities are also suggested, which cost $5,676 per month. 
      • Cognitive therapies, like art and music, can help maintain function. 
      • Secure residences to prevent wandering. 
    • Late Stages (6 to 7)
      • 24/7 care in specialized environments, like memory care or nursing homes. 
      • Hospice care to ease pain and discomfort, expenses are often covered by Medicare. 
      • Grief support and counseling for family members, as recommended by the Alzheimer’s Association. 

    Funding Care Across Stages

    • Medicare
      • Covers skilled nursing for up to 100 days and hospice. However, it does not cover long-term memory care and assisted living. 
    • Medicaid
      • Eligible seniors with assets less than $2,000 can receive coverage for memory care and nursing homes. 
    • Veterans Benefits
      • Aid and Attendance provides up to $2,300 per month for eligible Veterans. 
    • Long-Term Care Insurance
      • Covers care costs, especially if purchased early. 
    • Personal Savings
      • Home sales or Social Security can bridge gaps in expenses. 

    Conclusion

    Dementia is a progressive condition, often categorized into seven stages: no impairment to severe decline. These stages discuss the impact of dementia in terms of cognitive, behavioral, and physical abilities. Early stages often show minimal to no decline in cognition, which does not require formal care; however, middle to late stages show significant decline in functionality, hence, formal care is recommended. Understanding the progression of dementia may help families and older adults plan care and manage symptoms. Moreover, early diagnosis will be beneficial in creating tailored plans for care.  

    Senior Rehabilitation: Care Options After a Hospital Stay in 2025

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    Recovering from a hospital stay is crucial for maintaining older adults’ well-being. Whether the hospitalization is due to a surgery, injury, illness, or a complex medical condition like stroke or heart attack, rehabilitation would help older adults regain their health and independence. Rehabilitation may also lessen the risk for rehospitalization and is often provided in settings like skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), assisted living communities, inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs), and at home with in-home through in-home care. To ensure the right care is received, it is better to know the options available according to older adults’ medical needs, functional abilities, budget, and preferences. Utilizing data from the Genworth Cost of Care Survey 2025, Medicare.gov, and the U.S. News & World Report, this article explores the best rehabilitation options. 

    What is Senior Rehabilitation?

    Senior rehabilitation, also known as post-acute care, focuses on the physical, cognitive, and functional challenges of older adults, providing necessary medical support and therapies to maintain their independence and improve their conditions. There’s a wide range of reasons for rehabilitation, with the following as the most common:

    • Musculoskeletal issues – Hip or knee injury and fractures. 
    • Neurological events – Traumatic brain injuries and strokes. 
    • Cardiac conditions – Bypass surgery and heart attack. 
    • Infections – Pneumonia, sepsis, and gastrointestinal infections. 

    Rehabilitation usually specializes in providing care after a hospital stay and aims to reduce older adults’ pain and discomfort. 

    Care Options

    Various care providers offer rehabilitation, catering to older adults’ needs and goals. The following shows the primary options, services provided, and suitable candidates. 

    • Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs)
      • Provides round-the-clock nursing care and rehabilitation for those needing intensive medical care after hospitalization. Often include short-term stays, ranging from days to weeks, in a clinical, hospital-like environment with private or shared accommodations. 
      • Services
        • All forms of therapy, including physical, which aims to enhance mobility; occupational that focuses on ADLs and motor skills; and speech therapy, which focuses on cognitive issues, communication, and swallowing problems. 
        • Medical care, such as wound care, IV medications, and medication management. 
        • Tailored dietary plans, approved by licensed dietitians. 
        • Social Services, including counseling and discharge planning, as noted by the Centers Health Care. 
      • Duration: Usually 1 to 4 weeks; Medicare can cover up to 10 days. 
      • Pros
        • Intensive medical care
        • Comprehensive therapy programs typically last one to two hours a day. 
        • Expenses covered by Medicare
      • Cons
        • Often, a hospital-like setting, which lacks a social environment, in contrast to assisted living. 
      • Best for older adults with complex medical needs or those who are unable to stay at home due to a lack of support and mobility issues. 
    • Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities (IRFs)
      • Provides intensive therapy, usually lasts three hours a day, five days a week, and coordinates with physicians, therapists, and nurses to align care for older adults. IRFs can be a standalone community or part of a hospital. 
      • Services
        • Rigorous physical, occupational, and speech therapies. 
        • Physician-led care plans for complex medical conditions, like stroke and spinal cord injury. 
        • Nursing support for medication management and wound care. 
      • Duration: Typically one to three weeks, depending on recovery. 
      • Pros
        • Quick recovery due to high-intensity therapy. 
        • Comprehensive care from multidisciplinary teams. 
        • Qualifying diagnoses can be covered by Medicare Part A. 
      • Cons
        • An intensive therapy schedule can be exhausting. 
        • Higher costs due to limited coverage from government services. 
        • Lack of social activities. 
      • Ideal for older adults with serious conditions who need intensive rehabilitation to regain function. 
    • Assisted Living Communities
      • Short-term rehabilitation, respite stays, and therapy can be provided alongside ADL support in some assisted living communities. Usually promotes a home-like and social environment through communal dining and a calendar of activities. 
      • Services
        • Physical, occupational, and speech therapies are provided through on-site rooms or in collaboration with home health agencies. 
        • 24/7 ADL support
        • Medication management and limited nursing care, 
        • Social activities
      • Duration: Ranging from a few days to several months, often used to bridge home and long-term care. 
      • Pros
        • Community-focused, home-like environment. 
        • Flexible care plans and stay options. 
        • Promotes socialization and engagement. 
      • Cons
        • Less medical support than SNFs
        • Medicare does not cover room and board. 
      • Best suited for older adults with moderate needs, but are not yet ready to return home. 
    • Home Health Care
      • Care is provided at home by licensed professionals, like nurses and therapists. Often include rehabilitation services, allowing older adults to recover in a familiar setting. 
      • Services
        • Physical, occupational, and speech therapies are typically two to three times a week. 
        • Nursing support for wound care, injections, and vital monitoring. 
        • Equipment setup after home safety assessments. 
      •  Duration: Depending on progress, may take a few weeks to several months. 
      • Pros
        • A familiar environment can lessen stress and infection risks. 
        • Personalized and flexible schedules. 
        • Medicare covers expenses, especially if required by physicians. 
      • Cons
        • Limited socialization. 
        • Requires self-discipline to follow the therapy schedule. 
      • Ideal for older adults with mild to moderate needs who can handle ADLs with family support. 
    • Outpatient Rehabilitation
      • Requires older adults at home or in assisted living to visit a rehabilitation center for therapy sessions. 
      • Services
        • Physical, occupational, and speech therapies are usually one to three sessions per week. 
        • No ADL support. 
        • Access to advanced equipment, like treadmills and resistance machines. 
      • Duration: Depending on recovery, it ranges from weeks to months. 
      • Pros
        • According to Medicare.gov, therapy is covered by Medicare Part B. 
        • It can be cost-effective for those with low-intensity needs. 
      • Cons
        • Requires travelling or transportation. 
        • No 24/7 support or supervision. 
      • Ideal for those who can travel and with less intensive needs. 

    Costs of Senior Rehabilitation in 2025

    Depending on the state, level of care, and type of facility, costs may vary. 

    • Skilled Nursing Facilities 
      • Average Cost – $9,197 per month for a semi-private room or $10,326 per month for a private room. 
      • Depending on the state, costs range from $5,125 per month, like that of Texas, to $31,512 per month in Alaska. 
      • Medicare Coverage – Full coverage for 1 to 20 days, supplementary pay of $204 per day for days 21 to 100 in 2025. 
      • Out-of-Pocket – Personal items are not included in the coverage, as per Medicare.gov. 
    • Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities
      • Average Cost – $15,000 to $25,000 monthly due to intensive therapy. 
      • Medicare Coverage – Coverage includes services after a hospital stay, with an estimated $1,600 deductible in 2025 for days 1 to 60, as noted by Medicare.gov. 
      • Out-of-Pocket – Supplementary pay for extended stays and non-covered services. 
    • Assisted Living or Short-Term Rehabilitation
      • Average Cost – Standard assisted living communities can cost around $5,676 per month, however, additional fees for therapy are charged up to $500 to $2,000 monthly. 
      • Medicare Coverage – Therapy is covered if physician-required, but not room or board. 
    • Home Health Care 
      • Average Cost – $37 per hour, which amounts to $148 for a four-hour visit, and $5,625 per month for five visits per week. 
      • Medicare Coverage – Doctor-ordered services are fully covered. 
      • Out-of-Pocket – ADL support and non-medical aid services are not covered by Medicare. 
    • Outpatient Rehabilitation
      • Average Cost – $100 to $300 per session, which can reach up to $1,000 to $3,000 per month for two to three sessions per week. 
      • Medicare Coverage – According to Medicare.gov, Medicare Part B covers up to 80% of therapy expenses after a $240 deductible in 2025. 

    Funding Options

    • Medicare – Covers SNF after a 3-day hospital stay, IRF, home health, and outpatient therapy, but not room and board for assisted living. 
    • Medicaid – Eligible older adults with assets less than $2,000 can receive funding for SNF costs. 
    • Veterans Benefits – $2,300 monthly is provided through the VA Aid and Attendance program. 
    • Private Insurance – Rehabilitation can be covered by long-term care policies. 
    • Out-of-Pocket – Centers Health Care notes that savings, home sales, or reverse mortgages can supplement rehabilitation 

    Benefits 

    • Improved Recovery
      • SNFs and IRFs can lower risks for rehospitalization. 
      • Therapies aim to provide quick recovery and ease older adults’ pain and discomfort. 
    • Enhanced Independence
      • Older adults can return home through occupational therapy. 
    • Safety and Supervision
      • 24/7 supervision in SNFs and IRFs can prevent risks for falls and complications. 
    • Social and Emotional Support
      • Rehabilitation in assisted living communities provides social interactions. 
    • Tailored Care
      • Personalized care plans are created with multidisciplinary teams. 

    Considerations

    • Medical Needs
      • SNFs and IRFs best suit those with complex medical conditions, like stroke, while those who have undergone minor surgery are ideal for home health and assisted living. 
    • Support at Home
      • Home health requires family support, and older adults who live alone may be better off with inpatient care. 
    • Budget and Insurance 
      • AARP suggests checking out-of-pocket costs for assisted living and non-covered services, so that you can prepare accordingly. 
    • Preferences
      • SNFs prioritize medical care and provide minimal social interactions, while home health and assisted living promote comfort and familiarity. 
    • Facility Quality 
      • Check for Medicare ratings, team credentials, and amenities provided. 
      • For better results, touring facilities are also recommended. 

    Planning Tips

    • Create a Discharge Plan: Work closely with the hospital team to create care plans that cater to your needs, including therapy needs and medications. 
    • Appeal Early Discharge: AARP notes that if an older adult isn’t ready, file an appeal with the hospital or insurer. 
    • Research in Advance: Identify local SNFs, IRFs, and assisted living communities before a crisis, using Medicare.gov’s Compare tool, per AARP.
    • Monitor Care: AARP recommends ensuring medical records and discharge instructions are shared between providers. 
    • Seek Help: Geriatric care managers or hospital social workers can guide options.
    • Prepare the Home: For home health, arrange modifications (e.g., ramps, grab bars) and equipment. 

    Conclusion

    Senior rehabilitation aims to improve older adults’ well-being after hospitalization, and offers several options, including SNFs ($9,197 to $10,326 per month) and IRFs ($15,000 to $25,000 per month), for intensive care, to assisted living ($5,676 per month and additional fees for therapy) and home health care ($5,625 monthly) for moderate needs. Independent older adults may also opt for outpatient rehab, which costs around $1,000 to $3,000 monthly. The best option would depend on the level of care you need and your preferences.

    Memory Care: Services, Costs, and Benefits in 2025

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    Catering to older adults with cognitive conditions like Alzheimer’s, dementia, and others, memory care provides a secure and structured setting with specialized services. Referencing trusted data from the Genworth Cost of Care Survey 2025 and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, this article provides a guide about memory care- its services, costs, benefits, and funding options. 

    What is Memory Care?

    Memory care is a type of retirement option that focuses on older adults with cognitive impairments like Alzheimer’s and dementia. The Alzheimer’s Association reported that Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia, affects over 7.2 million Americans 65+ in 2025. In contrast to assisted living, memory care provides specially trained caregivers, enhanced supervision, and a stimulating environment, which helps improve older adults’ cognition. Memory care units can be a part of assisted living communities and nursing homes, a standalone community, or within a Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC).

    In memory care communities, residents receive help with activities of daily living (ADLs), including bathing, dressing, and eating, alongside dementia care. Safety, cognitive stimulation, and programs focusing on memory loss, agitation, and impaired judgment are prioritized within memory care communities, as noted by the National Institute on Aging. 

    Services

    • 24/7 Supervision and Security
      • Often, gated communities, secured amenities, and alarmed doors as noted by NCAL. 
      • Compared to assisted living with a 1:15 staff-to-resident ratio, memory care has a higher ratio to ensure the utmost attention with a 1:6 staff-to-resident ratio. 
    • Personalized Care
      • Assistance with ADLs, such as feeding, grooming, toileting, and bathing. 
      • Dementia-focused treatments and medication management. 
      • The Alzheimer’s Association recommends individualized care plans addressing cognitive and behavioral changes. 
    • Specialized Activities
      • Alternative therapies aimed at improving cognition, like music and art therapy, and reminiscence activities. 
      • Routined activities to prevent confusion and anxiety. 
      • Sensory rooms or pet therapy for emotional support. 
    • Trained Staff
      • Caregivers are required to undergo dementia-specific training with over 12 hours of initial training and continuous education, which covers behavior management and communication, as recommended by the Alzheimer’s Association. 
    • Safe Environment
      • The National Institute on Aging suggests securing outdoor spaces to prevent wandering and ensure safety. 
      • Fall prevention measures like grab bars and non-slip floors are placed all over the community. 
      • Floor plans are simplified, hallways are color-coded, and signage is in place to ease anxiety and confusion. 
    • Dining and Nutrition
      • Dining usually promotes social interactions, as noted by SeniorLiving.org
      • Provides assistance for those with swallowing issues or memory-related eating challenges. 
    • Family Support
      • Visitation policies differ by community. 
      • Educational resources, regular updates for families, and support groups are usually provided for families. 
    • Health Services
      • Coordination with physicians and doctors, and limited onsite medical care. 

    Memory care is essentially different from assisted living, as its focus is mainly on older adults with cognitive conditions, and from nursing homes due to its limited medical care.

    Costs of Memory Care in 2025

    Compared to assisted living, memory care costs more due to specialized care, enhanced supervision, and secure environments. Costs still differ according to the state, level of care, and facility type. Utilizing data from Genworth 2025, below is a comprehensive table for memory care costs in 2025. 

    National Average

    • Monthly – $7,908 monthly or $264 per day for a private room. 
    • Yearly – $94,896 annually. 
    • Range – $5,000 to $12,000 monthly, varying by state, luxury level, and level of care. 
    • Comparison
      • Assisted Living – $5,676 monthly, which is 28% lower than memory care, due to a lower level of care provided. 
      • Nursing Home – $9,197 to $10,326 monthly for semi-private and private rooms, which is 16 to 30% higher due to more complex care. 
      • 24/7 In-Home Care – $21,823 to $24,006 per month, which is significantly higher but allows aging in place. 

    State-by-State Variations

    Costs are heavily influenced by the cost of living, labor markets, and demand. The table shows the monthly average cost of memory in 2025, referencing Genworth 2025.

    StateMedian Monthly CostAnnual Cost
    Alabama$5,500$66,000
    Alaska$9,500$114,000
    Arizona$6,800$81,600
    Arkansas$5,300$63,600
    California$8,500$102,000
    Colorado$7,500$90,000
    Connecticut$9,000$108,000
    Delaware$8,200$98,400
    Florida$6,900$82,800
    Georgia$6,200$74,400
    Hawaii$8,800$105,600
    Idaho$6,000$72,000
    Illinois$6,700$80,400
    Indiana$6,300$75,600
    Iowa$6,200$74,400
    Kansas$6,100$73,200
    Kentucky$5,900$70,800
    Louisiana$5,600$67,200
    Maine$8,400$100,800
    Maryland$7,800$93,600
    Massachusetts$9,200$110,400
    Michigan$6,600$79,200
    Minnesota$7,400$88,800
    Mississippi$5,200$62,400
    Missouri$5,500$66,000
    Montana$6,500$78,000
    Nebraska$6,300$75,600
    Nevada$6,800$81,600
    New Hampshire$8,700$104,400
    New Jersey$9,000$108,000
    New Mexico$6,400$76,800
    New York$8,300$99,600
    North Carolina$6,500$78,000
    North Dakota$6,200$74,400
    Ohio$6,600$79,200
    Oklahoma$5,700$68,400
    Oregon$7,600$91,200
    Pennsylvania$7,200$86,400
    Rhode Island$8,500$102,000
    South Carolina$6,300$75,600
    South Dakota$6,100$73,200
    Tennessee$6,200$74,400
    Texas$6,000$72,000
    Utah$6,500$78,000
    Vermont$8,200$98,400
    Virginia$7,400$88,800
    Washington$7,800$93,600
    West Virginia$6,000$72,000
    Wisconsin$6,800$81,600
    Wyoming$6,500$78,000

    Most Expensive States

    The top three most expensive states are:

    • Massachusetts – $9,200 monthly
    • Connecticut – $9,000 monthly
    • New Jersey – $9,000 monthly

    This is widely influenced by the state’s high cost of living and demand.

    Least Expensive States

    Meanwhile, the top three cheapest states in terms of memory care are:

    • Mississippi – $5,200 monthly
    • Arkansas – $5,300 monthly
    • Missouri – $5,500 monthly

    These states have relatively lower labor and real estate costs. 

    Other observations

    • Genworth noted that states in the Northeast and West Coast have higher rates, while Southeast and Midwest are more affordable. 
    • Urban areas like San Francisco ($10,000+) or Boston($10,000+) tend to have higher memory care rates than the state average, which are significantly higher than rural areas like Mississippi ($4,500).

    Additional Fees

    • Entrance/Community Fee: One-time fee of $1,000–$5,000, which covers administrative costs.
    • Care Level Fees: Higher dementia stages, like advanced Dementia, may add $500–$2,000/month, per SeniorLiving.org.
    • Second-Person Fee: For couples, $800–$2,000/month extra, lowering the overall expense for two people.
    • Other Fees: Pet fees ($25–$100/month), parking ($50/month), or premium services (e.g., therapy, $100–$500/month).

    Funding Options

    CMS notes that Medicare does not cover room and board, but can cover medical-related services. 

    • Medicaid – Eligible older adults with assets less than $2,000 and income less than $2,523 monthly may apply for state waivers, which can cover costs, not including room and board. 
    • Veterans Benefits – Eligible veterans may receive $2,300 monthly, while surviving spouses receive $1,478 per month through VA Aid and Attendance. 
    • Long-Term Care Insurance – Payouts differ by policy, with some covering memory care. 
    • Personal Savings or Retirement Funds – Can be supplementary, especially with Social Security COLA increasing by 2.5% in 2025. 
    • Reverse Mortgages – Selling a house, renting it out, or using equity may help with memory care expenses.
    • Tax Deductions – Medical expenses, like ADL assistance exceeding 7.5% of adjusted gross income, are deductible, according to IRS.gov. 
    • Life Insurance Conversion – As suggested by Caring.com, policies can be used for long-term care benefits. 

    Benefits of Memory Care 

    • Improved safety
      • According to the Alzheimer’s Association, 60% of those with Alzheimer’s are at risk for wandering, hence, memory care’s secure environments can be beneficial, alongside round-the-clock monitoring to prevent falls and accidents. 
    • Specialized Care
      • Specially-trained team manages behaviors like agitation or sundowning, as suggested by SeniorLiving.org
    • Cognitive and Emotional Support
      • The National Institute on Aging suggests activities like music or art therapy to improve cognition and lessen anxiety. 
    • Social Engagement
      • A relatively small group promotes social connections, which helps prevent loneliness and depression. 
    • Family Relief
      • Support groups help families cope and understand their loved ones’ conditions better. 
    • Health Management
      • NIH reported that 80% of dementia patients are at risk for comorbidities like diabetes and heart disease, hence, coordinated care helps address it. 

    Considerations for Memory Care

    • Care Needs – Ensure that the care needed is right for the condition present to receive appropriate care, as suggested by the Alzheimer’s Association. 
    • Staff Training – NCAL notes that it is better to confirm the community’s staff-to-resident ratio and dementia-focused training. 
    • Environment – Seek a secure and stress-free setting to avoid agitation and confusion. 
    • Activities – Look for a community whose programs align with the residents’ abilities. 
    • Pet Policies – Visiting pets and therapy animals are often allowed, however, resident-owned pets may be restricted due to care challenges. 
    • Location – NIH notes that proximity to family benefits 80% of residents. 
    • Cost Transparency – Care level affects the costs of memory care; the more advanced the condition is, the higher the rates are. Hence, it is better to request detailed quotations. 

    Planning Tips

    1. Tour Facilities: Visit several communities to compare and contrast security, environment, and activities.
    2. Get Quotes: Costs vary within states. Ask for itemized estimates.
    3. Explore Funding: Apply early for Medicaid, VA benefits, or insurance to optimize coverage. 
    4. Plan for Progression: Dementia continuously progresses, increasing care costs by $1,000–$3,000/month in later stages, per Genworth.

    Conclusion

    Memory care costs around $7,908 monthly, with Mississippi as the cheapest at $5,200 and Alaska as the most expensive at $9,500 monthly. Older adults with cognitive conditions like dementia and Alzheimer’s benefit from memory care communities due to their specialized care, secure setting, and cognitive-related programs. In contrast to assisted living ($5,676 monthly), memory care costs more but provides a higher level of care, while compared to nursing homes ($9,197-$10,326 monthly), memory care costs less due to the lack of intensive medical care. As costs are projected to reach $10,000 monthly by 2035, it is better to plan accordingly and provide allowances for better budgeting. Applying early to Medicaid, VA Benefits, and long-term care insurance may help lessen financial burdens. 

    Pet-Friendly Assisted Living: What To Know

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    Older adults who wish to stay with their furry companions in retirement can choose pet-friendly assisted living communities. Pet-friendly assisted living communities allow older adults to take their pets as they move into the community. This article explores the policies, costs, benefits, and considerations of pet-friendly assisted living, providing a guide for older adults and families for long-term care planning. Utilizing reputable sources like the Genworth Cost of Care Survey 2025, the National Center for Assisted Living (NCAL), A Place for Mom, and SeniorLiving.org, we provide a comprehensive guide on pet-friendly assisted living. 

    What Is Pet-Friendly Assisted Living?

    Assisted living is a retirement option that provides older adults with assistance with ADLs, like bathing, grooming, and medication management, and conducts recreational activities. Pet-friendly assisted living, on the other hand, is an extension of these services, which allows older adults to bring pets, like dogs, cats, and birds, or have a community pet that interacts with residents. 86% of pet owners are found to have better mental health, which is crucial for preventing depression in old age, as reported by the American Psychiatric Association. Discover Village notes that 75% of senior living communities, assisted living included, welcome pets, while most communities offer pet-related services and therapy programs. 

    Key Features 

    1. Pet Policies

    • Allowed Pets
      • Communities usually allow dogs, cats, birds, fish, small caged animals like gerbils, and others allow pot-bellied pigs and tiny horses. 
    • Size and Weight Limits
      • Usually 20 to 50 pounds. Senior Living Residences allows up to 50 pounds. 
    • Breed Restrictions
      • Aggressive breeds may be restricted for safety purposes. 
    • Quantity
      • Usually, one to two pets for each resident. 
    • Requirements
      • Pets should be spayed or neutered, vaccinated, licensed, and well-behaved, with no history of biting or noise. 

    2. Pet Amenities and Services

    • Outdoor Spaces
      • Most pet-friendly communities have vast outdoor spaces or are set in proximity to parks, so pets can have a place to play around. Other communities, such as The Hacienda at the River in Arizona, provide animal-assisted programs with horses. 
    • Pet Care Support
      • In most communities, residents are responsible for their pets, although limited assistance can be provided. Other communities like Silverado Beverly Place in LA offer full pet care for memory care residents. 
    • Pet Therapy
      • Communities that offer pet therapy have community pets or visiting therapy animals that interact with residents to lift their moods. 
    • Social Activities
      • Pet-related activities promote social interactions, like The Mann House’s Bow Wow Biscuits in Georgia, which encourages residents to make pet treats. 

    3. Living Spaces

    • Pet-friendly assisted living communities often feature private apartments, which are suitable for small pets. Memory care units, on the other hand, tend to have smaller spaces, limiting pet suitability. 
    • Pet-free zones are also provided for residents with allergies.

    Costs of Pet-Friendly Assisted Living

    Pet-friendly assisted living has the same base cost as standard assisted living communities, however, additional fees are charged for pet-related matters. 

    • Base Cost 
      • National median – $5,676 monthly or $68,112 yearly
      • Least expensive – Mississippi with $3,500 per month
      • Most Expensive – Alaska with $7,250 per month
    • Pet Fees
      • Pet Deposit – One-time, refundable fee of $500 to $2,000 to cover possible damages, as noted by SeniorLiving.org.
      • Monthly Pet Fee – A Place for Mom notes that most communities ask for $25 to $100 monthly per pet. 
      • Service Fees – Some communities may charge $50 to $300 for grooming and pet walking. 
    • Comparison
      • Standard Assisted Living – average base cost is $5,676 monthly, but pet fees may increase total costs by up to 1 to 5%. 
      • Nursing Homes – Most nursing homes are not pet-friendly due to a medical focus, and they range from $9,197 to $10,326 per month. 
      • Memory Care – Pet owners with dementia have stricter pet rules, and the cost is around $7,500 to $10,000 monthly. 

    Funding Options

    Additional fees for pets are not covered by Medicare, Medicaid, or Veterans Benefits. Some long-term care insurance may cover pet fees, though rare. Most pet fees are paid out of pocket. 

    Benefits

    1. Mental Health

    • According to the American Psychiatric Association, pets help reduce the risk of depression, anxiety, and loneliness, with 86% of owners reporting having better mental health. Additionally, AARP notes that 74% of older adults with pets feel a sense of purpose, which helps brighten their moods. 

    2. Physical Health

    • The American Heart Association notes that walking pets promotes activity, which helps reduce cardiovascular risks. Moreover, pet interaction increases oxytocin and lessens stress hormones, lowering risks for depression and other mental health-related conditions, as per Harvard Heart Letter. 

    3. Social Engagement

    • The Senior Services of America reported that pets promote social interactions, which helps prevent isolation. 

    4. Transition Support

    • Having a familiar companion, even pets, fosters comfort and familiarity. 

    5. Cognitive Benefits

    • Having a routine pet care may help slow the progression of dementia, especially for those with early-stage Alzheimer’s, as noted by SeniorAdvice.com

    Considerations

    1. Resident Responsibility

    • Assisted Living Locators notes that in most communities, older adults should take care of their pets, providing another responsibility. As most care teams do not assume pet care duties, those with advanced cognitive conditions may not be eligible to bring their pets. 

    2. Pet Behavior

    • Pet owners are responsible for their pets’ behavior; hence, pet-friendly communities provide assessments to ensure pets are calm and non-aggressive. 

    3. Facility Restrictions

    • Pet-free zones are crucial in pet-friendly communities to cater to those with allergies and phobias, as reported by petfriendlyseniorliving.com
    • Most memory care units allow visiting pets but restrict accommodating pets due to residents’ inability to care for them. 

    4. Pet Care Limitations

    • SeniorLiving.org notes that pets with complex medical care may not be accommodated due to a lack of veterinary resources. Although other communities like The Mann House ensure quick access to pet needs with nearby pet clinics and vets. 

    5. Medicaid Facilities

    • Medicaid-funded assisted living facilities, those that accept Medicaid waivers, rarely allow pets, due to budget constraints and accommodation requirements. 

    Special Considerations for Memory Care

    Due to residents’ cognitive conditions, pet policies in memory care communities are stricter compared to those of assisted living communities. 

    • Restrictions – According to AgingCare.com, most memory care communities do not allow resident-owned pets but may accommodate visiting pets. 
    • Visiting Pets – To improve residents’ moods without having responsibilities, pets, like cats or dogs, are allowed to visit. 
    • Therapy Animals – May help relieve stress and agitation, especially in memory care communities. 
    • Exceptions – Some communities, like Silverado Beverly Place, provide pet support. 

    Questions to Ask When Choosing a Pet-Friendly Community

    It is better to assess your needs and capabilities to find the right community. The following questions may help provide clarity for the community that best matches your needs, as suggested by SeniorGuidance.org and Next Avenue. 

    • Pet Policy: What types, sizes, breeds, and numbers of pets are allowed? Are there behavioral requirements?
    • Fees: What are the pet deposit and monthly fees? Are there charges for pet services?
    • Care Support: Does the facility offer dog walking, grooming, or emergency care? Who is responsible if the resident cannot care for the pet?
    • Amenities: Are there dog runs, parks, or safe walking areas? Are pet-free zones designated?
    • Pet Therapy: Are community pets or therapy programs available for non-pet owners?
    • Space: Is the apartment suitable for the pet’s size and activity level?
    • Veterinary Access: Are there nearby clinics or transport to vet appointments?
    • Backup Plan: What happens to the pet if the resident is hospitalized or passes away?

    Tips for a Smooth Transition

    • Prepare Documentation – Prepare pet documents including vaccination records, licenses, and vet history, as noted by Caring.com
    • Assess Pet Suitability – Most communities only allow small dogs or cats and low-maintenance pets. 
    • Introduce Gradually – Allow pets to adapt to new environments. If possible, bring familiar items. 
    • Engage in Activities – Join pet-related events to build community. 

    Conclusion

    Pet-friendly assisted living has the same base cost as standard living in 2025; however, pet fees of $25 to $100 per month and $500 to $2,000 may be charged, depending on the community. Pets help reduce the risk of mental health-related conditions like depression and anxiety by promoting interactions and providing a sense of purpose. However, older adults and families must adhere to a pet-friendly community’s policies and assessments. Hence, it is better to plan and research communities that match their needs and preferences. Touring facilities and consulting advisors help ensure older adults and their pets find a community where they can adapt accordingly. 

    Elderly Blood Pressure Chart: Normal and High Blood Pressure by Age

    Posted on by Jeremy Clerc

    Having an in-depth understanding of blood pressure levels is necessary to mitigate older adults’ health risks. Blood vessels lose elasticity as we age, and blood pressure tends to increase, which further heightens the risk of hypertension-related conditions, including stroke, heart attack, or kidney disease. Referencing authoritative sources like the American Heart Association (AHA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we provide an extensive blood pressure chart, specifically for seniors, considering age-related changes. 

    Understanding Blood Pressure

    Blood pressure is a necessary health metric for seniors, measuring the force of blood pushing against artery walls, often recorded as two numbers and expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg):

    • Systolic Pressure (top number) – usually the higher number among the two, and the pressure when the heart is beating. 
    • Diastolic Pressure (bottom number) – the pressure when the heart is at rest in between beats. 

    Age-related factors, including arterial stiffness and conditions like diabetes and heart disease, affect blood pressure, especially among older adults. 

    Blood Pressure Categories for Adults

    The AHA’s 2017 updated guidelines on blood pressure employ categories across adult age groups, including older adults. Due to several factors that influence the blood pressure of older adults, especially those 65+, the Journal of the American College of Cardiology suggests that healthcare providers may adapt their care plans based on frailty, comorbidities, and overall health. Standard categories are as shown:

    CategorySystolic (mmHg)Diastolic (mmHg)
    NormalLess than 120Less than 80
    Elevated120–129Less than 80
    Hypertension Stage 1130–13980–89
    Hypertension Stage 2140 or higher90 or higher
    Hypertensive CrisisHigher than 180Higher than 120

    A higher than 180 over 120, or hypertensive crisis, commands immediate medical attention. 

    Blood Pressure Considerations for Seniors

    What’s considered normal for older adults can be different due to considerations like:

    • Aging Effects
      • The systolic pressure tends to increase with age due to the arteries, while diastolic pressure decreases after age 60, as per the NIH. Additionally, isolated systolic hypertension, which exhibits a high systolic and normal diastolic, is common in the 55+. 
    • Target Goals
      • The recommended target for those with hypertension is <130/80 mmHg, and a higher target of 130-140 over 80/90 mmHg for older adults 80+ or with comorbidities, as per the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and AHA. JAMA Internal Medicine (2019) notes that these target goals may help prevent risks of dizziness and falls. 
    • Prevalence
      • In the U.S., 71.6% of adults 60+ have hypertension, as recorded by the CDC from 2021 to 2023. Among them, 72.7% are men and 70.6% are women. 

    Elderly Blood Pressure Chart by Age

    Utilizing AHA categories and NIH and ACC’s age-specific considerations, the table exhibits normal and high blood pressure ranges for older adults. However, individual targets vary according to health status; hence, for precise targets, it is better to consult a healthcare provider. 

    Age GroupNormal Range (mmHg)Elevated (mmHg)Hypertension Stage 1 (mmHg)Hypertension Stage 2 (mmHg)Notes
    60–64<120/<80120–129/<80130–139 or 80–89≥140 or ≥90The risk of isolated systolic hypertension increases. Monitor regularly.
    65–74<120/<80120–129/<80130–139 or 80–89≥140 or ≥90Target <130/80 mmHg for most; adjust for comorbidities (e.g., diabetes).
    75–79<120/<80120–129/<80130–139 or 80–89≥140 or ≥90Frailty may warrant a higher target (130–140/80–90 mmHg). Check for orthostatic hypotension.
    80+<120/<80 (ideal)120–129/<80130–139 or 80–89≥140 or ≥90Individualized targets (e.g., 130–150/80–90 mmHg) to prevent falls, per ACC.

    Sources: AHA, NIH, ACC, CDC, JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

    Key Considerations for Seniors

    • Isolated Systolic Hypertension
      • Exhibiting a systolic pressure of 130 mmHg with a diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg is common for older adults, affecting 30 to 50% of adults 70+, as noted by NIH. 
    • Orthostatic Hypotension
      • 65% of older adults 65+ experience orthostatic hypotension or a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, as reported by the CDC. Overly aggressive treatment may further worsen the condition, increasing fall risks. 
    • White Coat Hypertension
      • Blood pressure tends to increase in a medical setting or a doctor’s office, hence the name white coat, which pertains to doctors’ coats. The AHA suggests utilizing home monitoring for more accurate results. 
    • Lifestyle Factors
      • To maintain a normal blood pressure, the CDC recommends having a healthy diet, exercising at least 30 minutes/ day, 5 days/ week, and managing stress. 
    • Medication
      • Treatments include diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. However, side effects may occur, including dizziness, as per NIH. 

    Managing Blood Pressure in Seniors

    • Regular Monitoring
      • Take readings consistently, ideally morning and evening, using a validated home blood pressure monitor. AHA recommends Omron as a monitor. 
    • Medical Guidance
      • Older adults, especially those with heart and kidney conditions, and frail adults, are advised to work closely with medical professionals and doctors to set personalized targets. 
    • Lifestyle Changes
      • Diet – NIH suggests lessening sodium intake, with less than 2,300 mg/day, ideally 1,500 mg/day; and increasing intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas and spinach. 
      • Exercise – walking or chair yoga may help improve circulation. 
      • Weight Management – since blood pressure increases the risk of heart conditions, it is better to maintain a normal BMI, which is 18.5 to 24.9, to lessen strain on the heart. 
    • Medication Adherence
      • Stick to prescriptions and consult with a medical professional when side effects occur. 
    • Screen for Comorbidities
      • Diabetes or sleep apnea can worsen hypertension. 

    When to Seek Help

    • Hypertensive Crisis
      • As discussed, a hypertensive crisis requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and confusion. 
    • Persistent High Readings
      • Consistent readings of above 130/80 mmHg are highly suggested to visit the hospital or consult a doctor. 
    • Symptoms of Low Blood Pressure
      • Overtreatment of hypertension may lead to dizziness, fainting, or fatigue. 

    Conclusion

    Blood pressure directly affects heart health, kidney function, and holistic wellness, especially in the elderly population. 71.6% of older adults 60+ experience hypertension, while it is suggested that normal blood pressure for older adults is less than 120/80 mmHg and 140-140/80-90 mmHg for 75+. To mitigate the effects and risks of complications due to abnormal blood pressure, it is suggested that older adults maintain a healthy lifestyle, monitor blood pressure regularly, and seek medical guidance. We also suggest consulting a healthcare provider or referring to resources like the AHA (www.heart.org), NIH (www.nhlbi.nih.gov), or CDC (www.cdc.gov) for tailored advice.